Physical infrastructure turned isolated towns into continental markets. For the first time, value moved at industrial scale.
Card networks wired global commerce — any merchant, any currency, any buyer, anywhere. Value crossed borders in milliseconds.
Open protocols turned isolated computers into a universal network. Information became instantly available to everyone, everywhere.
Computing became utility. Any team anywhere could deploy global-scale software overnight, without owning a single server.
For the first time, money is native to software — moving, splitting, and settling automatically, without intermediaries, at programmable speed.